Inclusion Is Not Everyone Getting The Same Thing - 996 Words

When something is fair is not everyone getting the same thing, but it is everyone getting what he or she needs to be successful. My definition of inclusion is being a part of what everyone else is in and being welcomed as a member who belongs. It can occur on playgrounds, in churches, at work, and even in a school’s classroom. Inclusion in the classroom is the idea that all children, including special education students, should and can learn in a regular classroom. It does not have a set look and will look different depending on each school and student. Inclusion is a framework that gives special education students the support they need while they learn along with their general education peers. As a teacher I will have many students in my classroom, and my students will not all have the same function. My students will have gifts that differ according to what was given to them. It will be my job as an educator to embrace these gifts and to make sure my students belong. Before this class my knowledge on inclusion was very slim, but after completing the assignments for this class, I am for inclusion if it is right for the child and if it meets the needs of the child. I believe educators should support inclusion because of its ability to increase a child’s richness of ideas, creative power, problem-solving ability, and respect for others. Everyday students with and without disabilities go to school, and their parents or caretakers hope these young people will be treated withShow MoreRelatedTeaching Students With Special Needs1740 Words   |  7 Pagesscared because they have many questions that they don’t feel like are being answered. For example, â€Å"are there children going to be getting the attention needed in a general education classroom?† and â€Å"are there effective methods for students with disabilities to accommodate to in an inclusive setting?†. These students will not receive the support needed but with inclusion they will have the services needed in a regular classroom. General education teachers will receive the supportive resources in theirRead MoreInclusion in the Public School Classroom Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion in the Public School Classroom What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the â€Å"regular† learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where childrenRead MoreDiversity: Discrimination and Service Users1377 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 203 1. What is meant by Diversity Diversity simply means a variety of things. It is understood that each individual is unique, and recognising our individual differences. These can range from race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive and nurturing environment Diversity is about recognising, valuing and taking account of peoplesRead More Inclusion Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesexists about the definition of inclusion, it can usually be agreed upon that inclusion is a movement to merge regular and special education so that all students can be educated together in a general education classroom. Because of the lack of consensus, inclusion is a hotly debated topic in education today. Mainstreaming and Inclusion are used interchangably for many people. This is where the confusion may lie. For the purpose of this paper I will be using the term inclusion. I interpret this to mean:Read MoreSch 33 Equality and Inclusion in Health Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesSHC 33 Promote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings 1. Explain what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Mean by Diversity the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Our society is made up of people with a wide range of characteristics. Where people vary in a multitude of ways, includingRead MoreTeaching Came From Someone Else1316 Words   |  6 PagesWhen education started getting bigger the teachers were becoming appreciated because the community was being more supportive. (A Short History of Teaching) Many children have advantages in the classroom by the teacher. The teacher improves the children s learning skills, communication skills and so much more. Many children learn from supportive techniques and additional resources in the classroom. If any child in the classroom is struggling they can put them in an inclusion classroom where the teachersRead MoreAmerican Culture And Ruth s Irish Culture922 Words   |  4 PagesGiven this, I think it is important for people to understand that we must â€Å"express emotions and attitudes that correspond to [our own] comfort level[s] but, at the same time, be adaptive and sensitive to the appropriate nonverbal display rules in a particular situation† (Ting-Toomey Chung, p. 153). Not everyone comes from the same background, and when we encounter situations that are unfamiliar it becomes crucial to remember this, in oder to avoid unnecessary conflict, or unease. Another interactionRead MoreAnalysis Of Prader Willi Syndrome, A Very Low Incidence Disability1431 Words   |  6 Pagesbe altered to accommodate the son. The culture of the family had changed once the son was born. The mother talked about how as the son grew up and they lived with a child with a disability their whole family became much more patient with him, and everyone they interact with. They also realized the importance of extended family, and the support that they can provide when times get tough. A major influential factor towards the family’s culture is their religion. When the last son was born the familyRead MoreChildren With Special Needs Should Spend Most Time With Non Disabled Children1578 Words   |  7 Pagesdisabilities such as, autism, or emotional disorder. Children with special needs are like all children they want to make friends. Non-disability children want respect, love, good education and job of their dream. Children with special needs can do the sam e things non-disabled kid do, but it can take them longer. It requires additional explanation or attention. Parents of children with special needs usually feel isolated and uncertain about their child s future. Schools can help them find support that childrenRead MoreReflection Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesnot right. It is time to make a change, we are all the same but we have something unique about all of us. Special Education was not always on my career path. I knew I wanted to major in Elementary Education but it was not until about a year ago that I got interested in pursing Special Education. My friend decided to invite me to this walk called the Buddy Walk. They have this walk every year to raise money and to promote acceptance and inclusion of all people with Down Syndrome. I was so excited to

Building technology notes Free Essays

In a building frame, a structural element that is shorter than usual, as a Cogged Joint stud above a door opening or below a window sill is called 2. A carpentry Joint by two uneven timbers, each of which is notched at Bull-nosed step the place where they cross 3. A step usually lowest in a flight, having one or both ends rounded to a Gravity wall Quoin semi-circle and projecting beyond the face of the stair string’s 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Building technology notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A massive concrete wall that resists overturning by virtue of its own weight 5. In masonry, a hard stone or brick used to reinforce an external corner Scarf Joint Baluster off wall 6. A type of half lapped Joint used to resist tension 7. One of a number of short vertical member often circular in section, Fenestration Fig. A-I mom Inflection point used to support a stair handrail 8. The arrangement and design of window in a building 9. What concrete block that is used in making a corner of an anchor wall 10. Lateral ties used for mom main bars for column is 1 1 . Refer to the portion of a beam where bending moment changes from Rowlock Scab positive to negative 12. A brick laid on its edge so that its end is visible 13. A short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or screwed to Cross bridging butting pieces in order to splice them together 14. Diagonal bracing in pairs between adjacent floor Joist to prevent the Web Brad Pyramid roof joist from twisting 15. A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam 16. A small finishing nail is called 17. A roof wherein the four sides are sloping towards the center Stirrup Pile terminating at a point 18. A metal sheet used to connect girder and floor Joist at the same level 19. A slender structural unit introduced onto the ground to transmit load Soldier Pigment o underground strata 20. Brick set on end with the narrow side showing is called 21 . Finely divided solid particles added to the vehicle to contribute color CACM Carriage Channel CM Fig 8-2 Miter box and durability to the paint 22. End lapping of corrugated G. L. Roofing sheets 23. Inclined structural member that supports the steps of a stair 24. Structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance 25. Hooked end off mom stirrups 26. Which among the concrete block is the header block 27. A device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to form a Plastic hose with water 1 Com 40 bad. T. Fig. C-3 Bosses Load bearing wall Effective length Volume Stirrups Cement Gypsum board Fade Skylight Soft wood Fire brick Plaster ground miter Joint 28. The best and accurate tool for guiding the work in establishing a horizontal level 29. Minimum thickness of suspended R. C. Slab 30. Total board foot of 10 PC’s. 31 . Which among the brick work is a common Flemish bond 32. Clearer is a product of 33. Wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight 34. The distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks 35. The amount of space measured in cubic units. 6. A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete 37. The most important component to determine the strength of concrete 38. Another term for plaster board 39. The face or front of a building 40. An opening in the roof for admitting light 41 . Wood coming from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves 42. A kind of brick used for high temperature 43. A nailed strip incorpor ated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for finish trim around opening and near the base Span Rip-rap Striking tool Fig. D-2 Striping of the wall 44. The distance between two structural supports 5. Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion 46. Hammer is a 47. Which among the finger Joint is the hidden dove tail 48. The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete Purling 49. A structural member spanning front truss to truss or supporting Anchor bolts rafters 50. Steel bent inserted in masonry construction for scouring wood or Lintel plates to concrete construction 51 . A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to bear the weight of the walls above the Chord Sleeper Stud opening 52. The placing of glass in windows and doors 53. A rejected building material because of its below standard grade 54. A Joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials 55. Lumber that still contains moisture or sap 56. The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof 57. A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters. It is part of the cornice 58. A large heavy nail is referred to as 59. What is the scientific name of wood 60. A wall that holds back on earth embankment 61 . The term used to indicate top and lower principal member off roof or bridge truss 62. Strips of hardwood usually 2†³xx† laid over a concrete slab floor 63. A vertical tutorial member which acts as a supporting element in a Tyrone finish wall or partition 64. Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand Adiabatic curing operated machine 65. The curing of concrete or mortar without the gain or loss of heat Vinyl tile Creep Riser Plough during the curing period 66. A floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride 67. The permanent deformation of a materials under a sustained load 68. The vertical face of a stair 69. A groove extended along the edge or face of the wood member Glazing cull Lap Joint Green lumber Valley Fascia Spike Xylem Retaining wall Post-tensioning Ashlars brick Perforated tape Control Joint Hopper Parquet Wrought iron Lag screw Lead Goslings Admixture Gallivanted Seismic stile Baseboard Mortar Balalaikas Barbarian Contusion Saturday Rooster Sloshes Platelets Skittishly Abattoir Gillian Lastingly Tubs De banana Cesspool Pie De Gallo Bandier being cut parallel to grain 70. The stressing of unbounded tendons after concrete has cured 71 . A brick whose face has been hacked to resemble roughly hacked stone 72. A type of tape used in finishing Joints between gypsum board 73. Employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls 4. A window sash which opens inward and is hinged at the bottom 75. Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric pattern 76. Anchor bolts and strap are molded out of 77. Common hardware fastener for truss braces 78. Sealer type of washer for 6. 1. Roofing sheets 79. Trade name for anti-termite surface application on wood 80. Retards or accelerators concrete setting 81 . Coated with zinc 82. Technical term for earthquake 83. Vertical frame of paneled door 84. Fascia between floor and wall 85. Cement, sand, and water 86. Filipino term for framework 87. Filipino term for bottom chord 88. Filipino term for collar 89. Filipino term for plastered course 90. Filipino term for purling 91 . Filipino term for wainscoting tiles 92. Filipino term for wrought iron strap 93. Filipino term for ceiling Joist 94. Filipino term for door fillet 95. Filipino term for girder 96. Filipino term for masonry fill 97. Filipino term for downspout 98. Filipino term for cabinet hinge 99. Filipino term for brace 100. Filipino term for temper (metal work) Horizontal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the knob or lock yielder A principal member of a truss Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operating machine A roofing tile which has the shape of â€Å"S† laid on its side A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility COLD JOINT A Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete FOUNDATION WALL is placed against it Has high compressive strength but low tensile strength Horizontal surfaces on which the stone units lie on course That part of the foundation for a building which forms the permanent retaining wall How to cite Building technology notes, Essays Building technology notes Free Essays In a building frame, a structural element that is shorter than usual, as a Cogged Joint stud above a door opening or below a window sill is called 2. A carpentry Joint by two uneven timbers, each of which is notched at Bull-nosed step the place where they cross 3. A step usually lowest in a flight, having one or both ends rounded to a Gravity wall Quoin semi-circle and projecting beyond the face of the stair string’s 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Building technology notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A massive concrete wall that resists overturning by virtue of its own weight 5. In masonry, a hard stone or brick used to reinforce an external corner Scarf Joint Baluster off wall 6. A type of half lapped Joint used to resist tension 7. One of a number of short vertical member often circular in section, Fenestration Fig. A-I mom Inflection point used to support a stair handrail 8. The arrangement and design of window in a building 9. What concrete block that is used in making a corner of an anchor wall 10. Lateral ties used for mom main bars for column is 1 1 . Refer to the portion of a beam where bending moment changes from Rowlock Scab positive to negative 12. A brick laid on its edge so that its end is visible 13. A short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or screwed to Cross bridging butting pieces in order to splice them together 14. Diagonal bracing in pairs between adjacent floor Joist to prevent the Web Brad Pyramid roof joist from twisting 15. A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam 16. A small finishing nail is called 17. A roof wherein the four sides are sloping towards the center Stirrup Pile terminating at a point 18. A metal sheet used to connect girder and floor Joist at the same level 19. A slender structural unit introduced onto the ground to transmit load Soldier Pigment o underground strata 20. Brick set on end with the narrow side showing is called 21 . Finely divided solid particles added to the vehicle to contribute color CACM Carriage Channel CM Fig 8-2 Miter box and durability to the paint 22. End lapping of corrugated G. L. Roofing sheets 23. Inclined structural member that supports the steps of a stair 24. Structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance 25. Hooked end off mom stirrups 26. Which among the concrete block is the header block 27. A device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to form a Plastic hose with water 1 Com 40 bad. T. Fig. C-3 Bosses Load bearing wall Effective length Volume Stirrups Cement Gypsum board Fade Skylight Soft wood Fire brick Plaster ground miter Joint 28. The best and accurate tool for guiding the work in establishing a horizontal level 29. Minimum thickness of suspended R. C. Slab 30. Total board foot of 10 PC’s. 31 . Which among the brick work is a common Flemish bond 32. Clearer is a product of 33. Wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight 34. The distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks 35. The amount of space measured in cubic units. 6. A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete 37. The most important component to determine the strength of concrete 38. Another term for plaster board 39. The face or front of a building 40. An opening in the roof for admitting light 41 . Wood coming from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves 42. A kind of brick used for high temperature 43. A nailed strip incorpor ated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for finish trim around opening and near the base Span Rip-rap Striking tool Fig. D-2 Striping of the wall 44. The distance between two structural supports 5. Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion 46. Hammer is a 47. Which among the finger Joint is the hidden dove tail 48. The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete Purling 49. A structural member spanning front truss to truss or supporting Anchor bolts rafters 50. Steel bent inserted in masonry construction for scouring wood or Lintel plates to concrete construction 51 . A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to bear the weight of the walls above the Chord Sleeper Stud opening 52. The placing of glass in windows and doors 53. A rejected building material because of its below standard grade 54. A Joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials 55. Lumber that still contains moisture or sap 56. The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof 57. A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters. It is part of the cornice 58. A large heavy nail is referred to as 59. What is the scientific name of wood 60. A wall that holds back on earth embankment 61 . The term used to indicate top and lower principal member off roof or bridge truss 62. Strips of hardwood usually 2†³xx† laid over a concrete slab floor 63. A vertical tutorial member which acts as a supporting element in a Tyrone finish wall or partition 64. Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand Adiabatic curing operated machine 65. The curing of concrete or mortar without the gain or loss of heat Vinyl tile Creep Riser Plough during the curing period 66. A floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride 67. The permanent deformation of a materials under a sustained load 68. The vertical face of a stair 69. A groove extended along the edge or face of the wood member Glazing cull Lap Joint Green lumber Valley Fascia Spike Xylem Retaining wall Post-tensioning Ashlars brick Perforated tape Control Joint Hopper Parquet Wrought iron Lag screw Lead Goslings Admixture Gallivanted Seismic stile Baseboard Mortar Balalaikas Barbarian Contusion Saturday Rooster Sloshes Platelets Skittishly Abattoir Gillian Lastingly Tubs De banana Cesspool Pie De Gallo Bandier being cut parallel to grain 70. The stressing of unbounded tendons after concrete has cured 71 . A brick whose face has been hacked to resemble roughly hacked stone 72. A type of tape used in finishing Joints between gypsum board 73. Employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls 4. A window sash which opens inward and is hinged at the bottom 75. Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric pattern 76. Anchor bolts and strap are molded out of 77. Common hardware fastener for truss braces 78. Sealer type of washer for 6. 1. Roofing sheets 79. Trade name for anti-termite surface application on wood 80. Retards or accelerators concrete setting 81 . Coated with zinc 82. Technical term for earthquake 83. Vertical frame of paneled door 84. Fascia between floor and wall 85. Cement, sand, and water 86. Filipino term for framework 87. Filipino term for bottom chord 88. Filipino term for collar 89. Filipino term for plastered course 90. Filipino term for purling 91 . Filipino term for wainscoting tiles 92. Filipino term for wrought iron strap 93. Filipino term for ceiling Joist 94. Filipino term for door fillet 95. Filipino term for girder 96. Filipino term for masonry fill 97. Filipino term for downspout 98. Filipino term for cabinet hinge 99. Filipino term for brace 100. Filipino term for temper (metal work) Horizontal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the knob or lock yielder A principal member of a truss Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operating machine A roofing tile which has the shape of â€Å"S† laid on its side A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility COLD JOINT A Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete FOUNDATION WALL is placed against it Has high compressive strength but low tensile strength Horizontal surfaces on which the stone units lie on course That part of the foundation for a building which forms the permanent retaining wall How to cite Building technology notes, Essays

A New Nation Essay Example For Students

A New Nation Essay A New Nation Begins?A City on a Hill?LipsetStarting things off, Lipset seems to be a very articulate man. His views on this beautiful country are exactly down to earth. Lipset began talking about how this country is the best in some areas but how we lack our supremacy in other areas. For instance I will express crime rate and military power. In Lipsets passage he stated that the crime rate in the United States is well above all other nations, but the American military is the strongest in the world. That is not a contradiction but only a mere example. Now with being the strongest military power in the world many smaller and third world countries tend to look up to us. That statement is easily represented by the fact that we are a ?city on a hill.? This nation might be on top is some aspects of the game but there is a few things that weigh us down. We won both world wars, set peace in the Middle East, and maintained our economic prowess. But are our greatest years starting to fall behind us? According to Lipset we are starting to distrust our leaders and have slim confidence in our institutions. That does not mean that everything is going south but what it really means is that we need to get in gear and do something about these situations. Not only are the Americans aware of this but so are other nations in the world. Japan knows our educational average is below standard. Germany knows that our some of our citizens hate our democracy. So once again the eyes of many are upon this huge city on top of a steep hill. Lipset then proceeded to talk about how a lot of our fine nations essays were written under the direction of ?foreign pens.? The only way that is possible is by comparing a culture that one is well established with to a culture that he is not that aware of. Most foreign travelers wrote about how exceptional this place is. Lipsets words say; exceptional is not that great. He defines exceptional as different and extraordinary. In all my years as a student most of my acquaintances like different or new things. Routine gets boring and most think change is only for the better. Living under the same rules and regulations that you been disagreeing with makes you jitty. You want to get up and do something about it. Maybe you could discover a new nation and start your own government. That is how our country was founded on or how the ?new nation began.?I am not trying to say that our country is not great in any means! Lipset said that we were one of the first ?new nations.? That is awesome! Ev erybody wants freedom and independence. Our country has those great virtues but we also have great morals set by the guy above. The United States does not make it mandatory for one to go to church but it emphasizes that it is for the better. The church as we know sets morals and standards into ones life. Mama America knows that church is a choice not a demand. Even if you sleep in on Sundays the guy above still sets the way of life. Creed is defined as ones passion for possession. Lipset said that America has creed that can be described in five terms. They are liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, and laissez faire. He meant that this is the way America was formed not how everybody lives. America stresses on the people more than they stress on superiors. This is the best way. The more one can speak out against something they disagree with makes one feel good about all situations. Americans want control and dominance. While being on the top of the ?hill? us Americans must feel strong about things. .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .postImageUrl , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:hover , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:visited , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:active { border:0!important; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:active , .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80cd417e0d52d681b5bf737911f1be3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critiqe On Kirstie Laird EssayFurther into the essay Lipset stated that America is the most legalistic, anti-statist, and rights oriented nation. In my words that is freedom, freedom, and freedom. I love freedom and the opportunity for more of it. Most people in the world want freedom and opportunity to gain more. That is why most of the worlds immigration is towards this great nation. Why is it that everybody knows about all these opportunities in America? It is because of the travelers, writers, and the list just goes on and on. With one good response to our country many people want to experience it themselves. Throughout Lipsetss essay he stated how America is different and how it has two sides of its own story. America started under rule and broke away from that for liberty and so on. It has been doing well but there is always a bad thing that comes from a good thing. Lipset calls this a double-edged sword. Some facts might state that things are great but other facts state that things are bad. Referring back to the first paragraph, America is great in many aspects but things do actually weigh is down. I am pleased to say that those great aspects is what keep us on top of the ?hill? that everybody is looking up to. History Essays

McD Case Study Essay Example

McD Case Study Essay rMcDonald’s – Business Strategy in India Case Study Abstract This case study discusses how McDonald’s India managed to buck the trend in a struggling economy, its early years and business strategy to get more out of its stores in India. The case also briefly discusses how McDonald’s adapted to local culture in India, its localization and entry strategy, its strong supply chain and pricing strategy. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. McDonald’s entry into India 3. Exhibit I: McDonald’s – Country – Entry Year 4. The Indian Market – Top 10 per cent of the busiest markets globally 5. Localization Strategy . McDonald’s JV in India 7. Initial Challenges – ‘Culturally Sensitive’ Food 8. Understanding Indian Customs and Culture 9. An Indianized Menu, Re-engineered operations and no beef burger 10. Competition – Major Competitors in India and Globally 11. McDonald’s – Quick Facts 1 2. Time line of McDonald’s in India 13. Pricing Strategy – The Rs-20 trap and ‘Purchasing Power Pricing’ 14. Kiosks at store entrances for customers in a hurry 15. Home Delivery – McDonald’s Delivery Service or McDelivery 16. Out-of-home Breakfast – International McDonald’s format with local taste 17. McDonald’s Supply Chain Management (SCM) 18. Unique cold chain 19. Cutting costs 20. Exhibit II: McDonald’s Suppliers in India 21. Exhibit III: The Menu at McDonald’s India 22. Exhibit IV: McDonald’s – Early History and Growth 23. Exhibit V: Principles to McDonald’s business success 24. Questions for Discussion Case Study Keywords: Fast-food Retailing, McDonald’s India, Joint venture, Amit Jatia, Vikram Bakshi, localization strategy, pricing strategy, McIndia, quick service restaurants, cultural adaptation, local culture, supply chain management, SCM, McDelivery, unique cold chain Case Questions for Discussion 1. McDonalds has become the poster brand for recession-resilient business. What is McDonald’s doing right in India? What elements of its business strategy are working for it and how does it manage to get more out of its stores? 2. Does local adaptation contribute to business growth in a country? Explain McDonald’s efforts to adapt to the local culture in India. What challenges did McDonald’s face in India? 3. Have you ever visited a McDonald’s store? Compare and contrast your experience with another quick-service restaurant or fast-food joint you visited earlier. How can McDonald’s improve? Should it alter its strategy? Case Updates/Snippets World’s leading food service retailer – McDonald’s has more than 32,000 restaurants serving over 50 million customers each day in more than 119 countries. * McDonald’s competitors in India – McDonald’s competes with fast food chains like Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, Pa pa John’s, Nirula’s and KFC in India. * McDonald’s Supply Chain – McDonald’s has a dedicated supply chain in India and sources 99% of its products from within the country. The company has strong backward integration right up to the farm level. * Quick service restaurants in India – By October 2009, McDonald’s India had more than 170 quick service restaurants in India. We will write a custom essay sample on McD Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McD Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McD Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Domino’s Pizza, which began operations in India in January 1996, has over 275 stores across 55 cities in the country. KFC has 46 restaurants across 11 cities in India. (KFC is one of the 5 brands owned by Yum!. KFC is a $12 billion global brand and a leading quick-service restaurant (QSR) in many countries. ) Nirula’s, one of India’s oldest food chains (completed 75 years in service in March 2009), has a network of around 62 outlets in five states across Northern India. Nirula’s, established in 1934 has interests in hotels, restaurants, ice cream parlours, pastry shops and food processing plants. Nirula’s was the first to introduce burgers in India. * Food Industry in India – In India, food industry and particularly informal eating out market is very small. In India, over quarter of a million customers visit McDonald’s family restaurants every day. The Indian fast food market is valued at $1-billion (Rs 4,547 crore) aprrox. * MFY (Made for You) food preparation platform – MFY is a unique concept (cooking method) where the food is prepared as the customer places its order. All new upcoming McDonald’s restaurants are based on MFY. This cooking method has helped McDonald’s further strengthen its food safety, hygiene and quality standards. McDonald’s has around 10 MFY restaurants in its portfolio. * How McDonald’s manages to keep its prices down? – Fast-food chains face a tough time balancing between margin pressures and hiking prices which can hurt volumes. Consequently, the chains have to increase rates or rework their strategies. Affordability has been the cornerstone of McDonald’s global strategy. Some of its measures to achieve this include – Bulk buying, long-term vendor contracts, and manufacturing efficiencies. McDelivery Online – In India, McDonald’s first launched home delivery of meals in Mumbai in 2004. McDonald’s now has plans to launch web-based delivery service in India (across 75 McDelivery cities) in 2010, a pilot for which has already been tested by it in Hyderabad. The company hopes to add 5 per cent to sales via Web delivery. McDo nald’s web-based delivery model will be based on serving the customer quickly wherein the drive time does not exceed seven minutes because its food has to be eaten within ten minutes of preparation. The footfalls in India are amongst the highest in the world, but the average bill is amongst the lowest. At present (March 2010), Domino’s Pizza (operated by Bhartia Group-promoted Jubilant Foodworks under a master franchise agreement) has a 65% market share in the home delivery segment. * Most Preferred Multi Brand Fast Food outlets: In 2009, McDonald’s India won the CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards for the third time in the category of the Most Preferred Multi Brand Fast Food outlets. * McDonald’s India in 2010 – In 2010, McDonald’s India plans to open 40 more outlets. The company has also earmarked a budget of Rs 50-60 crore to market its new products and initiatives for consumers. Its new marketing campaign is titled – ‘Har Chotti Khushi Ka Celebration’ – in other words ‘celebrate little joys of life’ where it positions McDonald’s as a venue for enriching life of consumers. In South India, McDonald’s has 29 outlets and plans to add 10 more by end of 2010. * Taco Bell in India – In March 2010, Taco Bell, the Mexican specialty chain owned by US-based fast food brands operator Yum! Restaurants launched its first outlet in Bangalore, India. The company which also operates brands like Pizza Hut and KFC plans for contract farming to open up to 100 outlets by 2015 and also expand into Tier-II and -III Indian cities eventually. * Local Vegetarian Menu: In India, McDonald’s does not offer pork or beef-based products. It’s menu is more than 50 per cent vegetarian. The fast food retail chain has separate production lines and processes for its vegetarian and non-vegetarian offerings. * High Real-Estate costs in India: In many countries, in a Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) a customer comes in, buys and then leaves. This is known as a revolving door concept. But an Indian customer believes in a dine-in culture. This adds to the real estate costs which goes as high as 20-25 per cent as compared to 10-15 per cent globally. * The most important meal for QSRs- Morning Meals (Breakfast):According to market research company, the NPD Group, breakfast accounted for nearly 60 per cent of the restaurant industry’s traffic growth over the past five years in the U. S. Quick service restaurants sold 80 per cent of the over 12 billion morning meals served at US restaurants for the year ending in March 2010. OOH Branding: According to Rameet Arora, senior director – marketing, McDonald’s India (West and South), McDonald’s India may be the largest out-of-home branding (OOH) in the country. McDonald’s India has restarted OOH (out-of-home branding) after a 7 to 8 year break to reach to their target group. * Employees and Customers: In India, McDonald’s employs 5,000 peopl e and serves half a million customers a day via its 169 family restaurants. McDonald’s has 85,000 employees and serves 2. 5 million customers a day in the UK.

Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico

Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico Abstract This essay is about the oil giant British Petroleum and one of the world’s worst environmental disasters in history, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The aim for this paper is to provide a backdrop for the oil spill and to picture the management change due to the oil spill.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gulf of Mexico oil spill symbolised a breakdown of more than mere environmental law and the work of institutions tasked with administering deepwater drilling, business law, governance, and corporate social responsibility principles can also be blamed for the environmental catastrophe (Cherry Sneirson 2011, p. 984). As a result of the oil spill and tragedy, BP’s safety programs and mistakes became noticeable. Many of these safety concerns have been ignored by management. The company did cover u p these problems by portraying an image as an advocate of CSR and funding a $200 million advertising campaign to promote it. Since 2002, there have been doubts about BP’s CSR practices in the context of safety and security. By corporate standards, the practices were considered â€Å"brand exuberance,† a term that refers to a corporate aspiration that is impossible to attain (Balmer, Power, Greyser 2011, p. 7). BP’s maintenance record, vision and training performance have been heavily criticised because they were not in accordance with industry standards. Carolyn Meritt, a U.S. government spokeswoman, commented that there was something wrong with BP management (Verschoor 2010, p. 15). However, BP and many of its stakeholders are optimistic that there could be a light in the horizon. Revenues and shares prices are gradually showing signs of recovery. This essay will try to show how this is attained. Introduction The company British Petroleum had to introduce chan ge management after the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010. New directions included the upstream operations, from a single division to three departments to handle sensitive programs of ‘exploration, development and production’ (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 5).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More BP’s valued shareholders and investors were briefed on future plans and new initiatives after the oil spill as the organisation was heading for further explorations after its worst performance in the year and throughout its history as a prime oil-and-gas company. This essay will talk about management change in BP after the oil spill. Everyone was asking, particularly investors, as to what kind of management would resurrect BP. A knee-jerk reaction was change the leadership and management. CEO Tony Hayward was forced to resign, along with second in command Andy Inglis, to appease angry investors (Chazan 2010, para. 2). The stiff decline in BP’s stock value (Chazan 2010) due to the oil spill prompted the board to conduct change management and appoint Robert Dudley whose mission was to restore BP’s tarnished reputation. Three new divisions were created and contracts were given focus in which top-management portfolio was assigned to manage contractors who are working on sensitive and important upstream operations. Restructuring and upstream operations are now separate and given emphasis in order to provide long-term advancement of BP’s pool of expert engineers and scientists and strengthen risk management responsibilities. One of the flaws of the old system was that contractors working upstream were not effectively managed. (Bryant Hunder 2010, para. 4) Literature review Leadership and organisational change Leadership literature that can be applied in the context of BP change management is outdoor leadership with a focus on transactional-transformational leadership. Leadership theory evolved in several stages (Straub, 1980 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 13). Leadership concept started with the ‘inborn principle’. It evolved into the idea of leaders having special attributes. The next phase is about those having power or authority. The fourth stage emphasised relationships, and the fifth one focused on leaders who became concerned with the world around them and adapted their behaviors according to those situations. The outdoor leadership theory refers to situational leadership. Ford and Blanchard (1985 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 14) focused their leadership research on the relevance of leadership theory to the outdoors. Leaders demand of their followers certain attributes while followers require some characteristics of their leaders.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico specifically for y ou for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Followers would like their leader to assume responsibility, which is very important as most followers trust their leader to take responsibility for their actions. Followers would require their leader to have more experience than them and should know how to get along with them (Ford Blanchard, 1985 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 14). Leaders should possess skills on socialisation which may be team-related, for support or empathy; psychological aspects, like trust, stress, motivation, emotions; judgment, like dangers, problems, expectation; and creativity which is about ideas and inventiveness. Transformational and charismatic leaders focus their attributes on creativity, effective communication, motivation of followers and working out a vision and a goal, among others (Groves 2006, p. 566). Visionary leadership positively influences ‘net profit margin’ (Waldman et al., 2001 as cited in Groves, 2006, p. 567), s tock value and leadership effectiveness. Visionary leaders can effectively communicate goals that inspire subordinates. Ethics in organisational management theories The management literature has focused on the subject of business ethics due to the many high-profile ethical violations in corporate America. Many giant firms have suffered malfunctions due to unethical business practices of even top managers of these large corporations. Because of these incidents, much of the studies have focused on the importance of ethical behavior and to emphasise the call for a more understanding of moral decision-making processes. Gilbert (2001 as cited in Geiger 2010, p. 40) argued on the relative connection between ‘strategic management process and ethics’. Ethics influences this aspect of management. An important subject of organisational theory is legitimacy which refers to the public’s reactions pertaining to the behavior of the organisation (Suchman 1995, as cited in Matej ek Gà ¶ssling 2014, p.571).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The question here lies in BP’s moral legitimacy in building its values and norms pertaining to the construct of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the other types of legitimacy being pragmatic (pertaining to the importance of oil and gas to society), and cognitive (pertaining to its accessibility as an organisation). Legitimacy emphasises organisation and community relations and the ethics in business. According to this concept, organisations lose legitimacy if they transgress culture and mores while organisations that promote culture and beliefs of the community are rewarded. Organisations that have trouble with civil society and environmental organisations have problems with their legitimacy (Palazzo Scherer 2006, as cited in Matejek Gà ¶ssling 2014, p. 572). Case study analysis BP has a moral obligation to acquire environmental legitimacy. Some experts have commented that if BP encounters another oil spill with the scale of the Gulf of Mexico spill, it will not only lose legitimacy, it will become bankrupt and will not have chance to recover. After the Deepwater Horizon accident or negligence, it is under pressure by its ‘corporate stakeholders, the media, including social media, NGO watchdogs, and governmental regulators’ to bear ‘corporate environmental responsibility’ (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). BP has to strive to walk along this line of operations, and work to maintain ‘environmental legitimacy’ (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). Corporate environmental legitimacy refers to society’s general observation or assumption that an organisation’s environmental programs are attractive, right and fitting, and generally approved by the public. This definition emphasises that environmental legitimacy is provided by stakeholders through their awareness according to their perceptions (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). CSR refers to the moral and ethical practices and organisations th at malign social institutions lose their legitimacy status. What society might do is boycott the company’s products and services, including shares of stocks, and employees withdraw their commitment and lose motivation to work (Gà ¶ssling 2011 as cited in Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is usually done to attract investors (Spence 2009 as cited in Mobus, 2012, p. 36). If you look at BP website, you will be amased with their CSR programs and recovery efforts, particularly on restoring the lives of those affected by the oil spill. But websites are websites. They are always painted ‘green’ and any attractive color to attract investors. The introduction of change management ‘Deepwater Horizon’ was a large ocean rig that sank at the bottom of the ocean when the Macondo well exploded. This was one of the wells BP acquired. By 2010, BP successfully acquired several growing companies, making it one of the world’s largest corporations in terms of revenue, with a daily oil production of more than four million barrels. The Gulf of Mexico provided approximately 10 percent of BP’s oil output (National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drill 2011, p. 2). Before the Macondo well blew up, BP had a corporate brand positioning pictured by its management as highly ethical and environmentally emphatic. When the Deepwater Horizon accident occurred, these ethical and environmental standards were questionable. BP’s previous ethical standards were not supported by an ethical distinctiveness and philosophy, but it was trying to picture to the public that CSR was a common practice and that it cared for the public and its needs. BP’s corporate behavior did not reflect that of its purported mission. There was a misalignment in BP’s ‘identity modes’ (Balmer, Power, Greyser 2011, p. 7). After the environmental debacle, BP faced a class action lawsuit and an allegation that it ‘misled investors’ by purporting to show that it had the capability for safety operations in the Gulf of Mexico (Amernic, Craig, Tourish 2012, p. 6). Two years before the disaster, the health and safety goals were only 80% attained, and environmental risk management was said to be ‘gold plated’ (Verschoor 2010, p. 13). BP’s management change was aimed to regain the trust and confidence of stakeholders, particularly its investors. Robert Dudley essentially introduced his brand of management with a vision of safety in the operations, placing great power and responsibilities in the hands of the safety division, now under Mark Bly, who has the authority to stop the operations if he and his team deemed that operations are not following the standards. Bly and his team directly report to Dudley and recommendations are immediately acted upon (Chazan 2010, para. 3). Dudley had been in the oil business for years and was with Amoco before he joined BP just eighteen months before the environmental disaster. The merger of Amoco and BP in Russia was termed a mega-merger but Dudley had to return to the United States after Russian authorities refused to renew his visa (Macalister 2010, para. 5). Dudley’s â€Å"new† brand of management was regarded a rehash of Hayward’s programs when the latter was appointed as CEO some years back to take over Lord John Browne who was involved in a personal scandal. Hayward proposed for safety programs during his initial years but still, BP experienced major environmental disasters resulting into some deaths of workers (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 3). The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recorded more than seven hundred violations of refineries attributable to BP and the violations were ruled intentional (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 6). The pipeline corrosion in Texas that caused an oil spill, costing approximately $2 billion in suits and damages, was the result of cost-cutting measures introduced by Hayward who had to impress investors asking for positive gains for their money. However, some commentators have tried to give Dudley a chance. Dudley’s safety programme was a welcome development, according to Nigel Bowker (as cited in Bryant Hunter, 2010) who once worked for BP, but he argued that the new measures must be accompanied with management support, resources and cooperation from everyone in the company, and it must not only to appease the BP investors. BP under Dudley has introduced the technology-enhanced ‘Well Advisor’ that assists drilling teams in different countries to check the progress of oil and gas explorations with novel clearness through consoles connected online, to strengthen safety and security in the explorations. BP has relied on digital technology that gathers and analyses data and other variables. Although this is still in its pilot stage, BP is goi ng to that point where the data could be transformed into valuable information to provide safety and competence. Meantime, BP is on its way to providing the capability for its engineers, scientists and contractors to put together all these data and the various points produced by the data to influence decisions in the field. The data points are fed to a software, to be transformed into fine graphics and made available to engineers in the field. (BP: Trusted advisor 2014, paras. 1-4) Notwithstanding BP’s thrust for corporate social responsibility, CEO Dudley has been able to introduce green marketing philosophy, which is not just about consumers but about the environment, a rallying cry for BP’s organisational culture. BP is building a culture that respects the environment. Another principle it has applied is internal green marketing which aims to ensure that the organisation’s employees integrate the ecological factor into their programs and activities (Zaharia Zaharia 2012, p. 162). BP has ensured that that top management and HRM functions collaborate to enforce green business strategies. BP revenues before and after the change Before the management change, i.e. before the oil spill, revenues were up, $120 billion. It went down after the spill but with the new management, revenues rose 5%, which meant it climbed to $98 billion in October 29, 2013, from $94 billion ( £58.4 billion) the year before. After the oil spill, BP has sold some $38 billion of assets and has plans to sell about $10 billion this year. The company’s replacement cost profit rose to $3.7 billion for the last quarter of 2013, from the previous $2.7 billion. BP also wanted to buy back its shares worth $8 billion, but has started with $3.8 billion. (Haslett 2013, paras. 3-6) Figure 1 is a listing of the shares prices for the period from 2009 up to 2013. It is shown here that the shares prices before the Gulf of Mexico oil spill were high. In 2009, ordinary shares cost 613.40 high and 400.00 at low; for American depositary shares, high was 60.00 and low was 33.70. There was slight difference for the next year 2010 and prices slid down after the oil spill with new management, which attained low prices for BP shares and gradually slid down up to 2013. For the different quarters from 2012 up to the first quarter of 2014, shares prices have not fully recovered but are slowly going up: i.e. 49.63 high and 45.83 low for American depositary shares, and for the first quarter of 2014, from 48.65 high and 41.30 low for the last quarter of 2013. This is supported by their advertising published Wall Street Journal (see appendix). BP stock prices in the market before and after the change Fig. 1: Stock prices before and after the management change SOURCE: BP: Shares prices and listings (2013, p. 274) Conclusion It is understandable that Dudley’s new administration is trying to paint a better picture, but obscuring the real risk BP is facing may not do any good for the company. Organisations aim their ‘propaganda,’ i.e. CSR reporting, at their employees as they try to relay messages about their image. Is BP ‘greenwashing’? Greenwashing is a form of ‘information propaganda’ by a company or organisation for the purpose of portraying that it is following the standards of environmental benchmarking. By greenwashing, a firm tends to improve sales or enhance its brand image through ‘environmental rhetoric, but at the same time either pollute the environment or decline to spend money on the environment, employee welfare, or otherwise honor its commitments to other constituencies’ (Cherry Sneirson 2011, p. 985). This can be perceived as fooling the public, particularly the stakeholders and the shareholders. According to Mobus (2012, p. 37), it can be viewed as such if there are no ways to verify the truth of the company’s CSR programs. BP’s environmental programs can b e verified and, at first instance, there seems to be no fraud in their application of restoring the sound environment before the spill. According to investigation (the Commission Report or CR), the Macondo well blowout where Deepwater Horizon sank, was the result of management’s indecision, lapses in the communication processes, and risk management failure) leading to incontrollable situations on the Macondo well (Mobus 2012, p. 38). In other words, safety measures, a primary requirement for oil explorations and one of BP’s so-called pride, failed. Management failed in those instances, along with failure of communication (CR 2011 as cited in Mobus, 2012, p. 38). Engineering and well design were approved by regulators but were not followed. Execution of the design and processes were opposed to BP guidelines and industry benchmarks. Moreover, there were lapses in communications among those working in the downstream and BP managers allowing for a possibility of a blowout (Mobus, 2012, p. 38). BP must prove its worth and the sincerity and expertise of the new management. After being prohibited for a year from bidding U.S. federal contracts, it has now won 24 new bids but one of the conditions is to implement stricter safety rules, including a remodeling of its governance principles. BP will be audited by an independent auditor chosen by the U.S. EPA. (Toor 2014, para. 2) It seems, however, that BP has gained the trust and confidence of the U.S. federal government. Before 2010, it was the country’s largest oil supplier and fuel for transportation but was suspended for one year due to the oil spill. Four years after that worst oil spill, BP won 24 bids to explore oil and gas over the Gulf of Mexico once again. Recommendations The three divisions focusing on upstream operations should have effective and coordinated management. BP should have trained organic personnel to focus on upstream operations, instead of hiring contractors. One of the flaws of the old system is that most upstream operations are performed by contractors who are not BP personnel. During the critical minutes when the Macondo well was about to explode, there was no more effective management, prompting the personnel (who were working for a contractor and not for BP) to decide by themselves. The thrust of new management to focus on contractors is a good sign but works to be assigned to contractors should be minimal and not major tasks. BP’s CSR practices should not be mere practice for advertising but have to be given focus. Many giant firms practice CSR for the purpose of enticing investors to the detriment of the organisation. This was one of BP’s mistakes that might lead to its loss of legitimacy. References Amernic, J, Craig, R, Tourish, D 2012, ‘Reflecting a company’s safety culture in fairly presented financial statements: the case of BP’, CPA Journal, pp. 6-10, via ProQuest database. Balmer, J, Power, S, Greyser, S 2011, ‘Explicating ethical corporate marketing. Insights from the BP Deepwater horizon catastrophe: the ethical brand that exploded and then imploded’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 1-14, via ProQuest database. BP: Shares prices and listings 2013, bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/investors/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F_2013.pdf. BP: Trusted advisor 2014, bp.com/en/global/corporate/press/features/trusted-advisor.html. Bryant, M Hunter, T 2010, BP and public issues (mis)management, http://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/leadership/bp-and-public-issues-mismanagement#.U5aSKHLuLfI. Brymer, E Gray, T 2006, ‘Effective leadership: transformational or transactional?’ Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 13-19, via ProQuest database. Chazan, G 2010, BP’s new chief puts emphasis on safety, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704116004575521394170919842. Cherry, M Sneirson, J 2011, ‘Beyond profit: reth inking corporate social responsibility and greenwashing after the BP oil disaster’, Tulane Law Review, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 983-1038, via EBSCOHOST, Academic Search Complete database. Geiger, S 2010, ‘Ethics content in strategic management textbooks: a longitudinal examination’, American Journal of Business Education, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 39-44, via ProQuest database. Groves, K 2006, ‘Leader emotional expressivity, visionary leadership, and organizational change’, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 566-583, via ProQuest database. Haslett, E 2013, BP sets the markets alight as revenues rise $4bn, managementtoday.co.uk/news/1218498/bp-sets-markets-alight-revenues-rise-4bn/. National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drill 2011, Deep water: the Gulf oil disaster and the future of offshore drilling: report to the president, January 2011, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. Macalister, T 201 0, Bob Dudley: profile of the new BP chief executive, theguardian.com/business/2010/jul/25/bob-dudley-profile-bp-ceo. Matejek, S Gà ¶ssling, T 2014, ‘Beyond legitimacy: a case study in BP’s green lashing’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 571-584, via ABI/INFORM complete database. Mobus, J 2012, ‘Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by BP: revealing or obscuring risks?’ Journal of Legal, Ethical Regulatory Issues, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 35-52, via EBSCOHOST, Business Source Complete database. The Wall Street Journal: BP Plc ads 2014, http://quotes.wsj.com/BP. Toor, A 2014, BP wins new US oil contracts four years after Deepwater Horizon disaster, theverge.com/2014/3/20/5528824/bp-looks-to-expand-offshore-drilling-after-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill. Verschoor, C 2010, ‘BP still hasn’t learned ethical lessons’, Strategic Finance, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13-15, via EBSCOHOST, Business Source Complete database. Zah aria, C Zaharia, I 2012, ‘Green values concerning the social responsibility of companies’, Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 161-166, via ProQuest database. Appendix The gradual BP recovery after four years of Gulf spill. SOURCE: The Wall Street Journal: BP Plc ads (2014)

Public communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public communication - Essay Example However, the nature of the role of public communication is changing in uncertain ways that lead to speculations regarding their role in the effect on the transformation of the democratic process in the contemporary societies. Here we are more concern about the way governments practice public communication and put constraints in it as well as control of the governments of public communication. Constraints and control: The objective of public communication is to transmit messages targeting the public and enabling it to have an overall view, while at the same time is able to retain its distance from the general strategy and the central messages being transmitted by government so that to achieve its goals and policies. It is very much evident that democratic governments are crucially dependent on a sufficient degree of two-way communication and horizontal communication at the grass root level, otherwise, there cannot be consensus building and responsiveness. In the present era of mass media communication such as newspapers, Radio, televisions do have the potential of including practically everybody. The term public means open and available to the public; visible and observable from the public and effectuated in front of it. Thus, the public has to do with publicity and diaphaneity/transparency. In almost every country, public media works under lots of constraints. The most important constraint, the public communication is facing the interference and involvement of governments at most of the level itself. Even in the post totalitarian world effective legal framework protection to media still far from reality and peoples perception about independent public communication as stage-managed. Public communication faces the constraints such as decision-making power over the public communication, which directly connects with the ownership. Ownership may be public ownership combined with public control i.e. not of government but of civil society or public ownership combined with government control or private ownership with decision making at owners discretion or private ownership with decision making in legal framework and a strong cultural tradition concerning professional rights, quality standards etc. In the above types of ownerships governments put constraint on the all except the last one. So framing legal framework with strong traditions, professional ethics can regulate the constraint. Secondly institutional freedom of public

To what extent China's historical period since 1978 still shape Essay

To what extent China's historical period since 1978 still shape China's contemporary society How has this been a constituting milestone to modern development or a hindering handicap - Essay Example The policies undertaken by Deng Xiaoping and the subsequent government were aimed at increasing the investments in the industrial sectors and meeting the demands of the people of the country. The political ideologies of the Communist governments changed since 1978. The historical period since 1978 in China has influenced the development of the contemporary societies. The policies of economic liberalization have stimulated the process of increasing demand in the company. This has increased the level of liquidity and has changed the lifestyle of the people of China. The contemporary societies and the lifestyles have been influenced by the economic reforms of the government since 1978. The policy reforms implemented by the Chinese governments have been a milestone for the modern development of China and its rapid growth in a short span of time. The differences between the economic reforms of China and Russia have also been discussed in this work. The socio-political and economic issues in China are wide ranged and varied and can be identified to be rooted from the vast cultural and political history of China, the different economic reforms implemented in China in the late 1970s and the immense population and its growth in China. China demonstrates a bubble economy and a weak social balance which are combined to make the country an unstable one where a number of social, political and economic issues prevail (Jing, 2001, p.4). China is mainly a communist state where the external environment related to conducting business in the country has several socio=political and economic issues. The environment for conducting business in the country is a challenging and complex environment. The political framework as well as the legal structure in China is highly unstable making it difficult for businesses to establish their operations there. The various economic reforms that have been implemented in the 1970s in China have caused increas ing