Patient Case Study of Knee Injury

Patient Case Study of Knee Injury Short case description: 25 years old, female injured her right knee during basketball game. She left playing, required little assistance to get her car. PCP evaluated her, gave her non-steroidal anti-inflammatory with P.T referral. Brief summary of patient history: injury occurred when she planted her right leg and rotated to the right to evade a defender. She denied hearing a pop, she reported immediate pain was 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale. Her current pain level is 5 out of 10. Patient came 2 days after injury, with knee swelling and locking. . Patient pain and mechanism of injury are consistent with a meniscus injury. Examination: Key Examination elements ICF category assessing Finding Pain Body structure function 5/10 with non-steroidal medication Effusion Body structure function Present (first grade) Active knee flexion Body structure function 10-110 Active knee extension Body structure function 0-10 Passive knee flexion Body structure function 10-120 Passive knee extension Body structure function 0-5 Manual Muscle test for knee flexion Body structure function 4/5 Manual Muscle test for knee extension Body structure function 3+/5 McMurrays test Health condition Positive with palpable click Joint line tenderness test Body structure function Positive with reproduction of pain on medial tibiofemoral joint Apleys compression test Health condition Positive with reproduction of pain consistent with medial meniscal injury Ambulation Activity limitation Assistive tool (single cane) Limping, antalgic gait squatting Activity limitation Quite a bit difficult Walking a mile Activity limitation Extreme difficulty Going up or down   10 stairs Activity limitation Quite a bit difficulty Standing one hour Activity limitation Extreme difficulty Running over even ground Activity limitation Extreme difficulty Ability to kook at home kitchen participation-involvement Quite a bit difficulty Ability to attend social meetings participation-involvement Quite a bit difficulty Usual sports activity participation-involvement Extreme difficulty Assessment/evaluation: 25 Y/O female had right medial meniscus sprain with positive special Tests, pain, effusion, weakness, limited knee range of movement of flexion and extension and limited activities of daily living with inability to participate in usual sports activities. Interventions: physical therapy treatment include: Modalities to reduce pain (whirlpool, electric stimulation, and cryotherapy). Modalities to reduce knee effusion (whirlpool, taping, pulsed ultra sound, and static quadriceps drill exercise). Intervention to restore range of motion deficits: therapeutic exercise progression, joint mobilization/ manual therapy. Therapeutic exercise to restore muscular strength and aerobic fitness. Functional strengthening exercise to return to previous level of function and participate in usual sports routine. Outcomes: After 7 weeks of rehabilitation patient get improved with following outcomes: Outcome ICF category Changes at D/C Pain Body structure function 2/10 with strenuous activity Effusion Body structure function Absent Active knee flexion Body structure function 0-140 Active knee extension Body structure function 0 Passive knee flexion Body structure function 0-140 Passive knee extension Body structure function 0 Manual Muscle test for knee extension/ flexion Body structure function 5/5 McMurrays test Health condition , disease, injury negative Joint line tenderness test Body structure function negative Apleys compression test Health condition , disease, injury negative Ambulation Activity limitation Normal gait without cane squatting Activity limitation No difficulty Walking a mile Activity limitation No difficulty Going up or down   10 stairs Activity limitation No difficulty Standing one hour Activity limitation No difficulty Running over even ground Activity limitation No difficulty Usual sports activity participation-involvement No difficulty Ability to attend social meetings participation-involvement Participating with no difficulty Ability to kook at home kitchen participation-involvement Participating with no difficulty LEFS SCALE activity Changes at D/C 20 points improvement to be 76/80 After 7 weeks of successful rehabilitation, patient was able to participate in routine sports activities and her daily living with no need to more medical or physical therapy assistance.

Coles’ Ideas in The Tradition: Fact and Fiction Essay -- Photography J

Coles’ Ideas in The Tradition: Fact and Fiction â€Å"The documentary tradition as a continually developing â€Å"record† that is made in so many ways, with different voices and vision, intents and concerns, and with each contributor, finally, needing to meet a personal text† (Coles 218). Coles writes â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction† and describes the process of documenting, and what it is to be a documentarian. He clearly explains through many examples and across disciplines that there is no â€Å"fact or fiction† but it is intertwined, all in the eye of the maker. The documentarian shows human actuality; they each design their own work to their own standards based on personal opinion, values, interest and whom they want the art to appeal to. Coles uses famous, well-known photographers such as Dorthea Lange and Walker Evans, who show the political angle in their documentations and the method of cropping in the process of making the photo capture exactly what the photographer wants the audience to view. In this paper I will use outside sources that support and expand on Coles ideas with focus on human actuality, the interiority of a photograph, and the emotional impact of cropping. According to Coles and an outside source I found, Lange is a documentarian who vividly portrays human actuality in her writing. Lange is depicted through Robert Coles as a caring individual, whose innermost thoughts, concerns and beliefs are transferred onto her photographs, especially in her photograph of the â€Å"Migrant Mother,† which is from her most well-known photograph during the dustbowl era. Jack Hurley’s book, Portrait of a Decade, describes more about Lange’s motives and background, thus making me able to better understand Coles’ ideas and the other parts of the essay regarding Lange: When economic disaster struck the country†¦ Dorothea Lang knew that somehow she had to be a part of the fight to win better conditions for the poor†¦Lange had very strong feelings about social injustice and her feelings came through clearly in her photographs. Because she did not come to Washington until the next spring, Lange did not take part in those early, highly important discussions and critiques. Her work was done separately in the early days and primarily on the West Coast. Even so, Lange’s pictures spoke for her and had a tremendous influence on the formative period of historical section. ... ... more about them by studying the photograph. In this paper I used outside sources such as Hurley’s book, Gawthrop’s, Jacobson and Moakley articles to clarify and develop deeper thinking about Coles’ ideas in â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction,† with focal points being: human actuality, the interiority of a photograph, and the emotional impact of cropping. Throughout Coles’ essay he portrays a documentarian as one who creates their work to meet their own standards based on personal opinion, values, interest and their audience. He also shows, in correlation to the title, that there is no line between fact or fiction in documentary work; they are loosely mingled, overlapping and only seen separately from a biased standpoint. Work Cited Coles, Robert. â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction.† Ways of Reading (2002) 175-218. Gawthrop, Louis. â€Å"Dorothea Lange and visionary change.† Society 30 (1993): 64. Hurley, Jack. Portrait of a Decade. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. Jacobson, Colin. â€Å"A different way of seeing.† Lancet 357 (2001): 1454. Moakley, Paul. â€Å"End fame: A room of one’s own: Todd Eberle on Walker Evans.† Photo District News 23(2003): 128.

My Growth As A Writer Essay

Writing has seemed to be a difficult process for me over the years. This is why it was my choice to enroll myself in creative writing classes over the last 6 years. The most difficult process for me in writing is generating ideas. You can learn to use proper structures for sentences but sadly creativity is something you can learn. In my play, The Doctor and the Patient, I displayed my best writing, and it gives a good example of what I have learned in this class. â€Å"THE PATIENT: Look,  man—we’re all different. Each individual can’t be typed into a group. All minds—souls, even— are different. But we all have something in common: we’re human. And it’s beautiful. † Is an allegory, often used in poetry. Due to the depressed nature of the patient, he finds something that can bring light into his world. Though he is stubborn, and rejects medicating and therapy sessions, he finds a false sense of security. My style of writing is usually freeform, in my spare time I usually write  post-apocalyptic situations, dark comedy, or serious. I have grown majorly at imagery and developing characters and dialogue. The tone of my writing is usually mellow, and flows rather quickly. And I have learned to construct a story arc that does not change too erratically. Future goals of mine would to get a few of my works published in a few small newsletters. Overall, I think my writing has improved drastically, I have learned how to style many different types of stories and writings.

The Fittest By Charles Darwin Essay - 1352 Words

When thinking about what happened during the Holocaust, majority of people wonder why. Why would a person do something so terrible to those who have done nothing to them? What makes a person have so much hatred for a certain group that they’d think it’s okay to torture them and murder them? Or even how could someone get away with all of it? Millions of questions are in order when learning about this subject. People learn about what occurred in the concentration camps and point of views from victims, but unless someone is going into depth with their research, they wouldn’t know the full reasoning behind Hitler and his followers’ motive. The Nazis ideology focused on Social Darwinism, creating the â€Å"perfect race†, eliminating anyone who didn’t fit their criteria, and enforcing certain values. To begin, Hitler and his Nazis based their ideas off of Social Darwinism, which is an evolutionary theory created by Charles Darwin. The theory states â€Å"survival of the fittest†, meaning that each person has acquired specific traits that made them more superior over others who were considered too weak or not â€Å"fit† enough to survive. Darwinists defined â€Å"survival of the fittest† by going off of negative and positive stereotypes. Social Darwinists used how an ethnic group appeared, a person’s behavior, and their culture. The Nazis on the other hand, used more detail when it came to defining what characteristics they wanted out of a â€Å"race†. Their idea of a race was determined by whether aShow MoreRelatedThe Theory of Evolution and Survival of the Fittest Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesand has descended from a common ancestor. The theory of evolution and survival of the fittest has been around since the time of the ancient Greeks and maybe earlier. Evolution has provided people of the world with an explanation of how everyone and everything got here. Although, this theory has sparked a lot of debate, the factual side of evolution is quite interesting. Contrary to popular belief, Charles Darwin was not the first person to come up with evolution. It’s been around for many centuriesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1173 Words   |  5 Pages It is time to start believing. Evolutionary theories were first proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, and 150 years later, these ideas are still being studied and proven today. Charles Darwin set the basis for these discoveries. Natural Selection and survival of the fittest are two examples of evolution. Charles Darwin once exclaimed, â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.† ThisRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1420 Words   |  6 Pages Evolution: Inceptions and Implications with Charles Darwin and Joseph Schumpeter Okema Johnson Coppin State University IDST 499-401 Dr. Ray September 25, 2015 Charles Darwin is best known for his work on the theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection. His theory paved the way for humanity to understand where different species came about and how they are able to survive in their environments. When initially developed, his theory did erupt a few controversial debates becauseRead MoreSocial Darwinism Is An Ideology Of Society1566 Words   |  7 Pageswe got to the point of coining the modern term of â€Å"Social Darwinism† we would have to turn to the famous man himself, Charles Darwin. At first glance, Charles Darwin seems an unlikely revolutionary. Born in 1809, Charles grew up a shy and unassuming member of a wealthy British family. He appeared, at least to his father, to be lazy and directionless. But even as a child, Darwin expressed an interest in nature. Later in 1831, while studying botany at Cambridge University, he was offered a chanceRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Darwin is considered by other people as the creator of Evolution. Darwin was not the only man to arrive at the theory of evolution. Darwin came to his theory of evolution at the same time as an another man who goes by the name of Alfred Russell Wallace came to the same conclusion. Wallace being relatively unknown was not respected for having the same conclusion because the fact that people were so apt to listen to the theory’s of Charles Darwin. After time Darwin published a book On the OriginRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1055 Words   |  5 Pages Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist, he was known greater for his contributions for the evolution theory. Darwin wrote a book in 1859 it was published and became the greatest and well known book. The name of the book was â€Å"On the Origin of Species†. In the book he wrote about his theory of evolution by natural selection, he discovered how the process of how organisms change as time goes on. Changes in traits and the organism’s physical behavior. Darwin believe change happensRead MoreHow Did Life Start?1696 Words   |  7 PagesThese questions are not something to simply have a quick concise answer. To get to the root of the question requires thought and time, Charles Darwin expressed his answer in the form of a book. When Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, it was a product of its time; remarkably over 150 later it is still a substantial read. To understand the jaw dropping response of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, one must take a look at the current world around Darwin’s publication. In 1859, The Origin of SpeciesRead MoreCharles Darwin, The Most Influential Nineteenth Century Evolutionary Thinker1176 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 19th century, scientific research progressed rapidly outside the world of industry and technology (McKay 744). British scientist, Charles Darwin, was the most influential nineteenth-century evolutionary thinker. Darwin spent his early career, amassing enormous amounts of biological and geological data from his voyage to South America (Fiero 3). In 1859, he published his classic work, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, where he summarizes his theory of evolution with the thoughtRead MoreEvolution of Science Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chemist who invented the vaccine to prevent rabies, Charles Darwin the father of evolution, Benjamin Franklin the first scientist to toy with the dangers and possibilities of electricity, and so many more wonderful scientists was the start of the â€Å"progress† that revolut ionized our world. Of the scientists who progressed our world, few shaped modern biology the way Charles Darwin managed to. Thomas Kuhn saw the progress people like Darwin made not as truth seeking, but simply as filling in anotherRead MoreOf MIce and Men Naturalism867 Words   |  4 PagesNaturalist work in American literature. Various elements of Naturalism is exhibited in this novel through its character types and story plot. Charles Darwin, an English Naturalist proposed a theory called natural selection, meaning that nature selects the best adapted varieties to survive and reproduce. Darwin also identified this theory as survival of the fittest. Steinbeck incorporated this belief of natural selection in many instances throughout Of Mice and Men using characters and their circumstances

The Incorporation of the Word Cool in the English Language

Cool The word cool is very relaxed, never goes out of style, and people will never laugh at someone for using it. Getting at the nature of cool is further complicated by the fact that it has become fashionable in recent years to boast about not being cool. Perhaps the word is being pushed into its next stage of evolution by the freaks and the nerds whose childhood unpopularity is a badge of honor and whose brave new world of geekery is vindication. Coolness is an admired aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance, and style that is influenced by and a product of the Zeitgeist. Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning. The word cool was initially slipped into the english language from its cognates in Dutch and German. It initially was col—which might have been used as far back as the ninth century when somebody deciphered the verse of the Roman logician Boethius from Latin into Englishâ €”and, for quite a while, could not exactly evaluate how it needed to be spelled. The spelling was toyed with coul, played with coole, and even experienced a koole stage, but R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company evaluated how to brand menthol smoke with complexity. It at long last settled on cool, at the same time clutching its feeling of climatic moderation (Vuolo par.2). There is no single idea of cool. One of the crucial aspects of cool is its impermanence. What is viewed as cool changes over time andShow MoreRelatedEssay about English: The Most Important Language of Today885 Words   |  4 Pages Presently, English is the most wide spread language in terms of the number of countries that speak the language as a mother tongue or foreign language. Regardless of languages such as Mandarin, Arabic and Spanish having a great number of speakers, English dominates as a foreign language for many. A Newsweek Magazine article, written by John McWhorter, ranks English as the world’s international language today and states it is likely to remain this way in the future (McWhorter). Writer Dorie ClarkRead MoreCell Phones in the Classroom: Keep Them Banned, or Incorporate Them?1413 Words   |  6 Pagesother. Cell phone sales have sky rocketed at an alarming rate, and many of the consumers are under the age of 18, meaning they are still in elementary and high school. Society has influenced students to feel that they need to own a cell phone to be â€Å"cool†, thus making the issue of cell phones in the classroom society context vs. students (area 13). Cell phones have no w begun to be a large distraction in the classroom, and are the newest item that many schools have had to implement a policy for; manyRead MoreIntegration Of Creative Movement And Dance Into The General Education Classroom4523 Words   |  19 Pagesfiguring out how to teach nebulous concepts like placement of punctuation or space exploration. In South Carolina, state standards require that Kindergarten teachers explore and have a basic understanding of 3-dimensional (3-D) shapes using the language as follows: K.G.2 Identify and describe a given shape and shapes of objects in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes (i.e., triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, and circle) and three-dimensional shapes (i.e., cone, cube, cylinderRead MoreIntroduction . Dance And Creative Movement In The Classroom4608 Words   |  19 Pagesfiguring out how to teach nebulous concepts like the placement of punctuation or space exploration. In South Carolina, state standards require that Kindergarten teachers explore and have a basic understanding of 3-dimensional (3-D) shapes using the language as follows: K.G.2 Identify and describe a given shape and shapes of objects in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes (i.e., triangle, square, rectangle, hexagon, and circle) and three-dimensional shapes (i.e., cone, cube, cylinderRead MoreQuality Control Tests on Soaps4296 Words   |  18 Pagesshelled and winnowed, usually by hand, pounded for a few days. The kernels are dried further to reduce moisture content and then boiled in water for several hours. The Shea Butter then begins to rise to the surface. This is then scooped and left to cool and set.(see flow chart Sorting of the Nuts Cracking and Roasting (Reducing the Use of Wood for Heating during the Production of Shea) Grinding Kneading and Clarification Filtering and Stirring Packaging and Labeling Modern Process: The introductionRead MoreEssay on Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy8792 Words   |  36 PagesRice University Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy Author(s): Dennis W. Allen Reviewed work(s): Source: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 25, No. 3, Restoration and Eighteenth Century (Summer, 1985), pp. 651-670 Published by: Rice University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/450501 . Accessed: 16/12/2012 06:30 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreDoing Business in Curacao Essay14368 Words   |  58 Pages................................................................... 3 UTILITY RATES ............................................................................................................................................. 5 PROCEDURES FOR INCORPORATION .......................................................................................................... 10 TAXATION OF COMPANIES ...............................................................................................................Read MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pagesads not by this site [pic] [pic] ENGL 103A: American Literature 1789-1900 (Archived) Dept of English, UC Santa Barbara (Summer 2011) †¢ ABOUT †¢ ASSIGNMENTS †¢ SYLLABUS †¢ DISCUSSION †¢ CLOSE READINGS CLOSE READINGS Post your close reading posts here. Share this: †¢ Twitter †¢ Facebook †¢ Like this: Like Loading... [pic] 26 Comments on â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"BecauseRead MoreAn Article On Earth Essay10094 Words   |  41 Pagesenergy to be harvested directly by life forms; the resultant molecular oxygen (O2) accumulated in the atmosphere and due to interaction with high energy solar radiation, formed a layer of protective ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere.[65] The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes.[66] True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultravioletRead MoreComplete Guide to Ethics Management: an Ethics Toolkit for Managers10784 Words   |  44 Pagesliterature is much more limited on ethics programs. Wong and Beckman (Journal of Business Ethics, V11, pp. 173-178) note that researchers are claiming that current literature is filled with strong arguments for more ethical corporate leadership and incorporation of ethics in bu siness curriculum, but what is conspicuously missing is the how to in actually putting ethical goals and theories into practical action. Myths Abound About Business Ethics, e.g., Ethics is Simply to Do Whats Right Lack of

Immorality of Human Cloning Essay - 1550 Words

While human cloning has been a matter of science fiction for centuries, the prospect that it could actually happen is a recent development. On February 23, 1997, the birth of the first cloned sheep, Dolly, was announced. Since then, it seems that science has progressed faster than moral understanding. Each breakthrough in genetics presents us with both a promise and a dilemma. The promise is that we may soon be able to treat and prevent diseases such as cancer and Parkinson’s. The dilemma is that we will have the power to manipulate our very nature-- to choose the sex and other genetic qualities of our next generation in attempts to make ourselves perfect. Despite the possible benefits, cloning will require unacceptable risks and does not†¦show more content†¦Another beneficial idea was introduced not long ago, cloning can prevent genetically transmitted disease. Supporters say that by manipulating human embryonic stem cells theres hope for a cure for more than 1 mill ion patients with diabetes. Margot Roosevelt, a stem cell researcher, says: â€Å"One day, scientists hope, the entire genetic makeup of a patient would be transferred into a cloned human egg that can produce the insulin-producing cells their body lacks† (Masci 2). Similar procedures might be used to treat cancer, heart disease, Parkinsons, and Alzheimers. However, this speculation is not as safe and easy as it may seem. The reason, explains L.Lester, is that â€Å"clonal people would still be susceptible to mutations or mistakes in the replication of cells. They would also be affected by environmental influences that may bring out previously unknown genetic disease† (Leone 35). The repercussions, then, far outweigh the possible benefits of treating diseases. In addition, due to constant exposure to different chemicals, environmental factors and radiation, genes not only would change and mutate, but might lead to death as well. As explained in students Encyclopedia Bri tannica, â€Å"Genes can mutate or suddenly change. If a gene mutated early in the embryonic life of a clone, some mutations could considerably change the potential of the clone, perhaps even contribute to an untimely death†Show MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Cloning Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages of Cloning The first successfully cloned mammal was created on February of 1997. It was a breakthrough in scientific research when the Scottish scientists cloned a sheep by the name of Dolly. The method of cloning requires the extraction of DNA from anywhere on a subjects body and inserting that DNA into a womans egg. Worldwide attention was turned to the prospect of human cloning and with a push for sweeping prohibition (Tribe 459) legislatures around the world banned anyRead MoreCloning Essays1271 Words   |  6 PagesCloning The most significant problem our world has with newfound controversies is that most people take one side on the issue before they become educated on the topic at hand. This is the same problem that I see with the controversial issue of cloning. Whether one argues for or against the cloning of humans or animals, most people leave out the ethics and morals behind the issue. People see movies like Multiplicity, starring Michael Keaton (a movie in which Michael Keaton clones himselfRead MoreEssay The Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1409 Words   |  6 Pagesto better the lives of those living, but at what cost? In their articles â€Å"Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Pro and Con,† by author Dan W. Brock; â€Å"The Ethical Implications of Guman Cloning,† by Michael J. Sandel; â€Å"Theriputic Human Cloning Is Ethical,† by Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield; and various other articles, each author discusses his or her view on the morality of stem cell researc h and its use for human cloning. Kantian deontology is defined as treating the individual as more than a meansRead MoreEssay about Cloning - The Great Human Embryo Clone Hype1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Human Embryo Clone Hype      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: The cloning of human embryos has sparked a major debate worldwide. New cloning methods have surpassed the technology that could only duplicate specified genes or produce offspring from frozen mice and human embryos. Cloning has been used to free would-be sufferers from a particular disease carrying gene. Likewise, out of desire to assist infertile couples and overcome the drawbacks of using in-vitro fertilization, came the newest method of cloningRead MoreThe Effects Of Cloning On Human Life1808 Words   |  8 PagesWeston Erbert Mrs. McEwen English 12 11 February 2016 The Effects of Cloning Cloning. The very word instills feelings of excitement, hope, possibilities and a montage of futuristic images of test tubes and beakers and DNA ladders spinning through space. But the word also conjures anxiety, fear and internal struggle over right and wrong, good vs. evil, science vs. religion. The cloning of vital organs or cells to cure diseases could potentially save the lives of millions of people around the worldRead MoreScience and morality1323 Words   |  6 Pages Progression is a natural occurrence in human life as well as society. Natural curiosity, coupled with a desire for self improvement, has propelled mankind into the age of science and technology. As society progresses, so, too, does human life continue to advance and improve. Medical advances have allowed humans to overcome disease and illness, and ultimately prolog human life. For example, the success of stem cell research has granted doctors the resources to replace damaged cells and begin to repairRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesis created, and this act of reproductive cloning is regarded with controversy; is it morally permissible, or is it morally grotesque. There are certain elements to consider when debating the ethics of human cloning. Leon Kass in his article â€Å"The Wisdom of Repugnance† contends that reproductive cloning is morally corrupt, describing it as offensive, repulsive, and repugnant, believing these terms to be commonly associated with regards to human cloning. Kass goes forth with his arguments byRead MoreEthical And Philosophical Nature Of Human Rights2452 Words   |  10 Pagesopinion, correlates with the course themes of Ideology and Inquiry, and secondly Origins and Politics of human rights. However, recent progression in genetics and genetic engineering have made it possible to change the very nature of the mankind, thus uprising many questions of ethical and philosophical nature. Personally speaking, in choosing the topic for the essay I were mainly interested in the human rights and its nature, how far it could go beyond its origins and control, therefore, addressing age-oldRead MoreCloning : An Controversial Article Titled Experimental Genetic And Human Evolution Promoting Human Cloning2487 Words   |  10 PagesRohini Krishnan Professor Sara Goering PHIL 242 21st November 2014 Reproductive Cloning Joshua Lederberg’s controversial article titled â€Å"Experimental Genetic and Human Evolution† promoting human cloning, published in the 60’s sparked the widespread debate on cloning that would continue for decades to come. Leon Kass, leader of the President’s council of bioethics and a prominent figure in this debate, engaged in a lively debate with Lederberg where he argued that the â€Å"programmed reproduction ofRead MoreEssay on Does Artificial Human Cloning Challenge Ethical Boundaries?2112 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Artificial Human Cloning Challenge Ethical Boundaries? Are you one of the millions of humans that take their individuality for granted? If so, adding a replica of a loved one no big deal. Or is it? Human cloning, will it be the wave of the future which will create a human being that will genetically superior or simple replace a loved one that died? What would a parent pay to replace a lost child $1000.00, $10,000.00, or as much as one million dollars, and if so would this be justifiable, moral

ERP Software and Vendor Selection Finance

Question: Discuss about theERP Software and Vendor Selectionfor Finance. Answer: Introduction ERP systems are integrated business management solutions that cover all functional avenues of an enterprise or organisations. They cover all areas of business such as finance, logistics, management and human resource among many others. Through their organisation and logical flow, they allow enterprises to streamline their operations and in the end achieve maximum output from their services. In a nutshell, ERP systems promise to be a single resource that holds the database (information), applications and a single user interface to interact with the users (Vayyavur 2015). However, like any other solution, a lot of work is needed prior to implementing them, this includes research, analysis and evaluations of the said system as well as the organisation itself. These procedures enable an organisation to determine their requirements and to tailor a solution that best suits their requirements (Mendelson 2000). When selecting an ERP system, its advisable for an enterprise to highlight the critical success factors (CSF), these items are used to gauge the success of the selection process and mitigate the losses involved (Burns 2013). From these elements, the selection process can commerce having a clear structured strategy. Nevertheless, regardless of the plans and selection procedures highlighted there are always issues or challenges that affect the process, for instance, some organisation lack patience and speed up the entire selection process. Later on, these cost money because the system chosen lack the necessary capabilities to meet the needs of the business. In this report, we highlight some of these challenges and provide possible solutions to mitigating them. Overview of ERP Software and Vendor Selection Choosing an appropriate ERP system and the correct partner in the implementation process is the foundation of the success of an ERP solution. However, selecting a suitable vendor and an appropriate system is a complex process that involves critical decisions based on planning, analysis and evaluation (Munkelt Volker 2013). Fundamentally, several models have been proposed to guide an organization in this process that heavily affects its overall structure. Nevertheless, a familiar outline is noticeable in all the models used as shown below. Fig: ERP Selection Process Project Planning and Setup At this stage, the initial plans are made regarding the overall project from the proposed budget to the initial assessment of user specifications/requirements. User requirements (needs of the enterprise) are then used to guide the team selected to execute the entire selection process. System Analysis and design Implementing and ERP system is a long term project that affects the order of business and may require the enterprise to re-engineer its operations. Through the analysis process, the system specifications are understood and their implication on the organisation infrastructure. Business and system design ERP systems improve business activities not take over them, therefore, the selection process at this stage identifies the link between the proposed system and the existing business procedures. Those that do not fit are re-evaluated and redesigned to fit the requirements. (NB: Both the business values and system can be redesigned to fit each other). Evaluation Having highlighted the requirements and developed a suitable skeleton of the ERP system, the selection process incorporates vendors who fit the outlined requirements. Furthermore, multiple bids or vendors are requested in order to improve the chances of obtaining an appropriate system. Selection The final solution is chosen having satisfied the requirements, from system design to the cost implications. Moreover, assessments are made on the contract agreements especially the licence agreement which decides the capabilities available to the user as set by the developer. (ERP Selection process modified from Epicor 2012). Major Issues of the Selection Process ERP systems have had profound benefits in business since their early inceptions in the 1900s where they were used to streamline business operations. However, to date, people are still faced with many issues and challenges when selecting these systems. Moreover, some ERP solutions end up being liabilities rather than being the intended improvements to business operations. Some of these challenges contribute to these failures that may occur despite an organisations capital investment (Vayyavur 2015). Furthermore, research by reputable audit organisation has shown that majority of the ERP solutions implemented in enterprises fail to meet their objectives. These failures are rarely caused by the ERP Softwares instead, they are caused by the complexity of the changes caused by an ERP system in an organisation. According to Seo (2013), most of the issues faced in ERP implementation and selection are not caused by technical capabilities but by the organisation and the personnel involved. Lack of commitment from the top management is one of the major issues faced by enterprises during the selection process. From the overall requirements, its clear to see the complexity of the demands made by this process, from structural changes to hefty cost requirements. Its the responsibility of the top management to designate the roles using clear cut communication channels that seek to integrate the entire organisation as a whole. Lack of this commitment reduces the credibility of the ERP system setting it up for failures (Bywater 2015). ERP system has a wider impact on the roles of the employees and the roles they conduct. In addition to this, ERP systems influence different departments and the functionality of the different processes within an organisation. Therefore, proper training is needed to sensitise the users from the different departments in order to facilitate a smooth transition. Inadequate training presents another common challenge in the selection of an ERP system, this because most training will focus on the system itself and not the integration of the system on the business operations. As a result of this misconception, employees perceive the system as a monitory tool far from the enterprise operations (Ranjan, Jha Pal 2016). The conflict between departments and their operations is another common challenge faced by ERP systems. ERP system will integrate different operations irrespective of their roles or specifications. This integration incorporates many different variables which creates conflicts among users and the operations of the system (Soltanzadeh Khoshsirat 2012). Furthermore, this problem can be catalysed by business processes adopted to meet the needs of the ERP solution. Moreover, poor redesign mechanisms present another considerable challenge because they conflict the knowledge base and the objectives of the ERP system. Furthermore, the shift in business operations is a continuous process which may affect the logistics of systems and in the end, affect the adaptability of the organisation. Finally, consider the requirements made by an ERP system and the problems that may arise if they are misunderstood and are wrongly implemented. Forgetting the user conflicts, ERP and business mismatch can generate immense consequences on the productivity of the business because of increased expenditures caused by inefficient systems. Furthermore, it can affect the organisations culture where employees adopt wrong assumptions about the internal structure of the organisation. Since these assumptions govern the values, practices and processes within an enterprise, the end result is an inefficient workforce propagated by wrong objectives (Vayyavur 2015). Recommendations Most of the issues highlighted above are caused by poor integration mechanisms, where the chosen solutions fail to fulfil the needs of an organisation because of conflicting requirements. Adopting the business process re-engineering (BPE) model can help align the business requirements with those of the ERP system. BPR provides an enterprise with the basic rethinking model to redesign the business structure to attain the necessary improvements needed to succeed while using an ERP system. BPR will involve changes in organisation structure, employees job description, and the management itself. Moreover, these changes must follow a strict format outlined by an appropriate training method (Seo 2013). Through BPR, an enterprise is able to meet its training requirement and also resolve its in-house conflicts. Secondly, an organisation can have a holistic approach to the selection process by incorporating a specific team to run the selection process. This team can comprise of different members of the organisation having members from all departments and all levels of operation. This think team should thereafter have regular assessments based on specific milestones set by the senior management through the guidance of ERP experts (Thai 2011). This solution would solve the commitments issue from the top management and also help to increase the viability of the projects because of the accurate measurement procedures used. Finally, an organisation should consider the entire process (selection and implementation) as an ongoing project with minimal time restrictions. This perception would allow the designers of the system to develop a solution that meets the needs of the organisations. Moreover, this outlook would have the necessary allowance to alter the system architecture for it to fit the needs of an organisation. In addition to this, it would help the entire organisation to adapt to the new order of events and even help it meet the needs of the new system. However, a realistic time plan should be used to gauge the progress of the project (Kimberling 2010). Conclusion Information technology has revolutionised business, more so the environment used to conduct it. Today, business enterprises have heavy competition because of the added capabilities introduced by digital media which provides an extra trading environment i.e. a virtual marketplace. ERP provides organisations with the necessary advantage to beat the competition. Furthermore, ERP solutions help streamline operational activities by engaging the right resources through accurate information delivery. It is through these systems that senior executives can relay their strategies to the lower management. Moreover, it is through ERP systems that consumers are able to receive efficient services, delivered on time and on demand. However. Proper procedures must be used to implement these solutions for them to turn into positive reinforcements of business. An enterprise must carry out thorough research into the ERP system they intend to implement. Moreover, similar scrutiny must be used to identify qualified vendors to provide this crucial solution. In addition to the system and vendors, the organisation must re-evaluate itself to satisfy the needs of an ERP system and also to allow a smooth transition into the new system. Through these strategic procedures, an organisation can be assured of improvements after implementing a chosen ERP system. References Burns. M, 2013, How to Select and Implement an ERP System, Available from: https://www.180systems.com/resources/ERPWhitePaper.pdf [26 January 2017] Bywater. P, 2015, 5 Challenges of ERP Implementation, Business 2 Community, Availble from: https://www.business2community.com/strategy/5-challenges-erp-implementation-01380341#5FWpxxdqPgw4Wobs.97 [26 January 2017] Epicor, 2012, How to Successfully Select an ERP System in Eight Simple Steps, Available from: https://www.macroscoop.nl/macroscoop/images/stories/macroscoop/pdf/8stepstoselectanerpsystem.pdf [26 January 2017] Kimberling. 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